Identification of Cubomedusae responsible for Irukandji syndrome using molecular and morphological characters (C6.1)

Task leader: Ms Madeleine Van Oppen, Australian Institute of Marine Science.

Task associate: NA.

This study will use molecular and morphological techniques to identify jellyfish responsible for Irukandji syndrome. Irukandji syndrome is the name given to a group of systemic symptoms that occur after the sting of a jellyfish. Thus far, only Carukia barnesi is scientifically known to cause Irukandji syndrome; at least six other undescribed species are strongly suspected of also causing the syndrome, but have not been scientifically tested.

At present, we know neither how many Carukia species exist (although we know of at least 3), nor the actual distribution of Irukandji stingers throughout the Medusozoa. This presents unique challenges in attempting to understand and manage the health risks of Irukandji syndrome, and provides a compelling need to resolve the taxonomy of the Cubozoa.

For effective risk management of Irukandji stings, it is crucial to be able to identify the species causing Irukandji syndrome and to understand the phlyogenetic relationships between them. Invertebrates with relatively simple morphologies, such as the cubozoans, often comprise species that may be detectable using molecular methods.

Closely related species may be similar in their toxicity to humans, so understanding phylogenetic relationships may assist in identifying relative toxicity and harvesting the toxins for antivenom development.